For dynamo bearing puller kit works, bearings are cheap. The side effect of those bearings going is it creates vibration which does not help the needle valve in the carb, speeding up its wear. With the starter motor, looking at the oxidation of the copper commutator segments it may have just needed a clean with sandpaper, some of the smoke may have been down to that. And yes it may smoke as it damages itself without the front bearing if it starts jamming.. the sintered tube in the bell housing is the bearing. The way they are designed its max current , max torque, at zero speed then minimum current spinning freely . If it smoked it was not able to spin freely. Should have put it back in for testing.
The dynamo will be bolted to the fan plate at the back (if it’s like an alt). The inlet manifold sits in front of it, so you can’t pull it straight out.
No. Well, not without a lot of struggling and / or butchery. It’s a lot less hassle to drop the lump.
It is a right old faff. Dropping the engine would be better. Or possibly if it is the front bearing, you could pull the front off the dynamo while it's in place.
PS A top tip if you do have the dynamo/alt stand off: double-nut the mounting studs out of the case and replace them with M8 bolts. Makes taking things apart much easier for next time.